Nonchemical Postharvest Treatments/techniques for Codling Mothon Inshell Walnuts: Disruption of Mating and Monitoring of Activity Using Sex Pheromone
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mating disruption of a field pest (codling moth) is being tested in a stored-product situation by placing pheromone dispensers in bagged walnuts in storage at 77°F. Three series of tests have resulted in 39-100% control when a single pair of moths was present in each test bag and in 42-87% control when four pairs of moths were present in each test bag. Future tests will include field collected as well as laboratory reared moths and temperatures representative of actual shipping conditions (Oakland to Yokohama and Corpus Christi to Rotterdam). Trapping in two walnut processing plants (Sept. 8-Dec. 5) resulted in six codling moths being trapped in the receiving area of the plant which waR adjacent to a walnut orchard and no moths being trapped in the receiving area of the other plant or any of the processing and holding areas in either plant. This type of information should be valuable in demonstrating how unlikely it would be for walnuts to become reinfested during storage and processing. OBJECTIVES (1) Determine the mating potential of codling moth in bagged walnuts stored in normal and pheromone permeated atmospheres. (2) Develop existing sex pheromone as a useful tool for controlling the codling moth by disruption of mating in postharvest walnuts. (3) Develop the existing sex pherompne as a useful tool for monitoring codling moth activity in packing and storage areas. (4) Develop alternative postharvest/quarantine detection and control strategies, based on findings in Objectives "1", "2" and "3", for codling moth causing losses on inshell walnuts. PROCEDURE (1) Newly emerged virgin codling moth adults will be released into 25 kg or 50 lb bags of Persian walnuts. Single pairs and four pairs per bag will be used to determine mating potential in untreated and pheromone [(E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-01] treated bags held in continuous darkness. Studies will be conducted at 77nF (25°C) and at the prevalent temperature under which walnuts are stored or shipped to Japan. Pheromone formulated in Shin-Etsu and/or Riocontrol dispensers will be provided by Biocontrol Ltd., Australia. Pheromone concentrations in the air space inside the
منابع مشابه
Further Investigations on Puffer Performance in Codling Moth Mating Disruption: Implications of Pheromone Load and Aerosol Form, and Upwind Movement of Males
High dose aerosol emitters of pheromone, “puffers”, have been used successfully for over 15 years for control of codling moth in pears, and more recently have emerged as the leading mating disruption strategy in walnuts. While their efficacy is well documented, the mechanisms by which they operate are still not properly understood. Understanding how this type of dispenser works may provide oppo...
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